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. 2010 Apr 23;328(5977):469.
doi: 10.1126/science.1189015.

Genotype to phenotype: a complex problem

Robin D Dowell  1 , Owen Ryan, An Jansen, Doris Cheung, Sudeep Agarwala, Timothy Danford, Douglas A Bernstein, P Alexander Rolfe, Lawrence E Heisler, Brian Chin, Corey Nislow, Guri Giaever, Patrick C Phillips, Gerald R Fink, David K Gifford, Charles Boone
Affiliations

Genotype to phenotype: a complex problem

Robin D Dowell et al. Science. .

Abstract

We generated a high-resolution whole-genome sequence and individually deleted 5100 genes in Sigma1278b, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain closely related to reference strain S288c. Similar to the variation between human individuals, Sigma1278b and S288c average 3.2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms per kilobase. A genome-wide comparison of deletion mutant phenotypes identified a subset of genes that were conditionally essential by strain, including 44 essential genes unique to Sigma1278b and 13 unique to S288c. Genetic analysis indicates the conditional phenotype was most often governed by complex genetic interactions, depending on multiple background-specific modifiers. Our comprehensive analysis suggests that the presence of a complex set of modifiers will often underlie the phenotypic differences between individuals.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
(A) Most S288c essential genes are also essential in Σ1278b (94%); however, ~5% are essential only in the Σ1278b genetic background, whereas ~1% are essential only in S288c. (B) Conditional essential genes in Σ1278b are the consequence of complex genetics. χ2 tests indicated the number of modifiers associated with conditional essentiality (5).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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    1. Materials and methods are available as supporting information on Science Online.

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