Delineating the maladaptive pathways of child maltreatment: a mediated moderation analysis of the roles of self-perception and social support

Abstract

The current study investigated concurrent and longitudinal mediated and mediated moderation pathways among maltreatment, self-perception (i.e., loneliness and self-esteem), social support, and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. For both genders, early childhood maltreatment (i.e., ages 0-6) was related directly to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems at age 6, and later maltreatment (i.e., ages 6-8) was directly related to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems at age 8. Results of concurrent mediation and mediated moderation indicated that early maltreatment was significantly related to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems at age 6 indirectly both through age 6 loneliness and self-esteem for boys and through age 6 loneliness for girls. Significant moderation of the pathway from early maltreatment to self-esteem, and for boys, significant mediated moderation to emotional and behavioral problems were found, such that the mediated effect through self-esteem varied across levels of social support, though in an unexpected direction. No significant longitudinal mediation or mediated moderation was found, however, between the age 6 mediators and moderator and internalizing or externalizing problems at age 8. The roles of the hypothesized mediating and moderating mechanisms are discussed, with implications for designing intervention and prevention programs.

Figure 1

Conceptual model for relations among maltreatment, social support, self perception, and emotional/behavior problems.

Figure 2

Structural equation model for longitudinal relations among maltreatment, social support, loneliness, self esteem, and internalizing/externalizing behavior problems.

Figure 3

Summarized model fitting longitudinal relations among maltreatment, social support, loneliness, self esteem, and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems for boys, controlling for race/ethnicity. Only significant regression coefficients are provided (p < .05). Values are standardized coefficients. To simplify the presentation, the following significant covariances among variables are not depicted: Age 6 Loneliness with Age 6 Self Esteem = −.27; Age 6 Externalizing with Age 6 Internalizing = .77; Age 8 Externalizing with Age 8 Internalizing = .31.

Figure 4

Summarized model fitting longitudinal relations among maltreatment, social support, loneliness, self esteem, and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems for girls, controlling for race/ethnicity. Only significant regression coefficients are provided (p < .05). Values are standardized coefficients. To simplify the presentation, the following significant covariances among variables are not depicted: Age 6 Loneliness with Age 6 Self Esteem = −.27; Age 6 Externalizing with Age 6 Internalizing = .79; Age 8 Internalizing with Age 8 Externalizing = .29.