Dramatic first words spoken in 2 children after vagus nerve stimulation

Abstract

Vagus nerve stimulation has become an accepted adjunctive treatment for refractory epilepsy with more recent FDA approval in the treatment of depression. Many "positive" effects have been noted in patients with epilepsy namely increased alertness, improved cognition, behavior and mood. These changes appear to be independent of seizure reduction and antiepileptic drug decrease. We present two children (aged 8 and 9 years) who were non-verbal and spoke their first words shortly after vagus nerve stimulators were implanted. The mechanism is unclear although vagus nerve stimulation has been clearly shown to induce neuronal, chemical and perfusion changes in both subcortical and cortical regions of the brain. There is likely a combined effect on primary speech areas as well subcortical and mamillothalamic tracts, and possibly even stimulation and changes at the local vocal cord level contributing to this phenomenon. Our observation has important implications in encephalopathic patients both with and without epilepsy.