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. 2009 Jul;26(3):63-9.
doi: 10.4103/0970-2113.53226.

Validation of a structured questionnaire for COPD and prevalence of COPD in rural area of Mysore: A pilot study

P A Mahesh  1 , B S Jayaraj, S T Prahlad, S K Chaya, A K Prabhakar, A N Agarwal, S K Jindal
Affiliations

Validation of a structured questionnaire for COPD and prevalence of COPD in rural area of Mysore: A pilot study

P A Mahesh et al. Lung India. 2009 Jul.

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing in India and there is a need to study the prevalence of COPD, particularly in the rural areas, which may be most affected due to their lifestyle.

Materials and methods: FIRST STAGE: Validation of the questionnaire-105 consecutive patients underwent administration of the structured questionnaire and spirometry was used as a gold standard for the diagnosis of COPD. Second stage: Adults above 40 years (n = 900) in two villages of Mysore district were administered with the validated questionnaire, Knowledge and Attitude questionnaire and Fagerstorm questionnaire, to assess nicotine dependency.

Results: The questionnaire was found to have a sensitivity of 62.5% and specificity of 87.6% to diagnose COPD. Of the total 900 adults surveyed (Males: 453, Females: 447), the total prevalence of COPD was 7.1%. Males had a higher prevalence (11.1%) compared to females (4.5%). The prevalence of smoking was very high among men at 71.9% and all the women were nonsmokers. The prevalence of COPD was 14.7% in smokers, 19.3% had mild to moderate nicotine dependency and 12.8% were highly dependent. Of the women exposed to regular biomass fuels, the prevalence of COPD was 3.9%, which increased to 4.8% on addition of regular passive smoking. In smoking, male gender and age were significantly associated with COPD (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The structured questionnaire is a useful tool for the screening of COPD in field studies. Smoking and biomass fuel exposure are important risk factors for COPD.

Keywords: Biomass fuels; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; nicotine dependence; prevalence; screening questionnaire.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Diagnostic utility of the COPD screening questionnaire
Figure 2
Figure 2
Prevalence of COPD in males, smokers and nonsmokers
Figure 3
Figure 3
Prevalence of COPD in females, exposed to biomass fuels and passive smoking and biomass fuels alone without exposure to passive smoking. (BMF–biomass fuels, PS–passive smoking)
Figure 4
Figure 4
Knowledge among smokers regarding adverse effects of tobacco smoking
Figure 5
Figure 5
Attitudes regarding smoking among smokers in rural population
Figure 6
Figure 6
Severity of nicotine dependence according to Fagerstorm questionnaire
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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