Ocular malformations or poor visual acuity in children born after in vitro fertilization in Sweden

Abstract

Purpose: To follow up children born after in vitro fertilization (IVF) with respect to eye malformations and poor visual acuity.

Design: Observational cohort study based on Swedish health registers.

Methods: Congenital eye malformations were studied in 32 091 children born from 1982 through 2007 and severe visual impairment was studied in 24 628 children born from 1985 through 2005 after IVF in Sweden. Comparisons were made with all children born in Sweden during corresponding periods with adjustment for various confounders. The main outcome measure was the presence of a congenital eye malformation and poor visual acuity.

Results: Thirty-six (1.1 per 1000) IVF infants with ocular malformations were identified, and the risk, compared with non-IVF children, was not increased when adjusted for maternal age, parity, smoking, and body mass index (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.75 to 1.47). Severe visual impairment was identified in 25 cases (1.0 per 1000), and the risk increase was statistically significant (odds ratio, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 2.45) and was only slightly reduced when adjustment as above was made (odds ratio, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 2.32). When adjustment was made for known length of unwanted childlessness, the OR decreased to 1.15 (95% confidence interval, 0.61 to 2.16). Only 3 of the 25 children with visual impairment had ocular malformations.

Conclusions: Although there is an increased risk for visual impairment among children born after IVF, the individual risk is small and may be secondary to parental characteristics. No increased risk for eye malformations was found.