Creating a population-averaged standard brain template for Japanese macaques (M. fuscata)

Abstract

A number of modern digital anatomy techniques, based on structural MR brain images, have recently become applicable to the non-human primate brain. Such voxel-based quantitative techniques require a species-specific standardized brain template. Here we present a brain template for the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata). The template was designed to be used as a tool for spatially normalising Japanese macaque brains into a standard space. Although this species of macaque monkey is widely used in neuroscience research, including studies of higher cognitive brain functions, no standard MRI template of its brain is presently available. The template presented here is based on T1/T2* weighted, high-resolution 4T MR images obtained from 16 male adult Japanese macaque monkeys. T1/T2* images were used to correct the signal inequalities resulting from the use of a surface coil. Based on these images, population-averaged probability maps were created for grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid. The new template presented here should facilitate future brain research using the Japanese macaque monkey. Whole brain templates are available at http://brainatlas.brain.riken.jp/jm/modules/xoonips/listitem.php?index_id=9.

Fig. S1

Photograph showing the coil (above) and the coil within the headholder (below). The head is secured within the headholder with ear bars in the external auditory meatus and eye bars on the infraorbital margin. Vitamin E-filled glass capillary tubes can be mounted in the array of calibrated holes in the top and side to be used as stereotaxic markers. The coil (105 mm in diameter) is attached to the headholder through drilled holes at the top the headholder.

Fig. S2

A distortion map showing the possible areas of distortion. The monkey's head was positioned centrally in the region of minimal distortion.

Fig. S2

A distortion map showing the possible areas of distortion. The monkey's head was positioned centrally in the region of minimal distortion.

Fig. S3

A series of brain images registered to stereotaxic coordinate system in the coronal plane. Images are provided from AP0 to A+ 48 and to P− 26, in 2 mm steps. Coronal slices are shown on the left. The black line in the sagittal section (on the right) indicates the location of the section.

Fig. S3

A series of brain images registered to stereotaxic coordinate system in the coronal plane. Images are provided from AP0 to A+ 48 and to P− 26, in 2 mm steps. Coronal slices are shown on the left. The black line in the sagittal section (on the right) indicates the location of the section.

Fig. S3

A series of brain images registered to stereotaxic coordinate system in the coronal plane. Images are provided from AP0 to A+ 48 and to P− 26, in 2 mm steps. Coronal slices are shown on the left. The black line in the sagittal section (on the right) indicates the location of the section.

Fig. S3

A series of brain images registered to stereotaxic coordinate system in the coronal plane. Images are provided from AP0 to A+ 48 and to P− 26, in 2 mm steps. Coronal slices are shown on the left. The black line in the sagittal section (on the right) indicates the location of the section.

Fig. S3

A series of brain images registered to stereotaxic coordinate system in the coronal plane. Images are provided from AP0 to A+ 48 and to P− 26, in 2 mm steps. Coronal slices are shown on the left. The black line in the sagittal section (on the right) indicates the location of the section.

Fig. S3

A series of brain images registered to stereotaxic coordinate system in the coronal plane. Images are provided from AP0 to A+ 48 and to P− 26, in 2 mm steps. Coronal slices are shown on the left. The black line in the sagittal section (on the right) indicates the location of the section.

Fig. S3

A series of brain images registered to stereotaxic coordinate system in the coronal plane. Images are provided from AP0 to A+ 48 and to P− 26, in 2 mm steps. Coronal slices are shown on the left. The black line in the sagittal section (on the right) indicates the location of the section.

Fig. S3

A series of brain images registered to stereotaxic coordinate system in the coronal plane. Images are provided from AP0 to A+ 48 and to P− 26, in 2 mm steps. Coronal slices are shown on the left. The black line in the sagittal section (on the right) indicates the location of the section.

Fig. S3

A series of brain images registered to stereotaxic coordinate system in the coronal plane. Images are provided from AP0 to A+ 48 and to P− 26, in 2 mm steps. Coronal slices are shown on the left. The black line in the sagittal section (on the right) indicates the location of the section.

Fig. S3

A series of brain images registered to stereotaxic coordinate system in the coronal plane. Images are provided from AP0 to A+ 48 and to P− 26, in 2 mm steps. Coronal slices are shown on the left. The black line in the sagittal section (on the right) indicates the location of the section.

Fig. 1

T1, T2* and T1/T2* images from a single monkey are shown. The first row illustrates coronal; sagittal and horizontal sections of the T1 images. T2* and T1/T2* images are shown on the second and third rows, respectively.

Fig. 2

The original images followed by the grey, white and CSF segmented images (coronal; sagittal and horizontal sections) from a single monkey are shown on the first, second, third and fourth rows respectively.

Fig. 3

Coronal, sagittal and horizontal sections of the T1/T2* grey, white and CSF template are shown. Grey, white and CSF are on the first, second and third rows, respectively.

Fig. 4

Coronal, sagittal and horizontal sections of the T1 grey, white and CSF segmentations are shown. Grey, white and CSF are on the first, second and third rows, respectively.