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Clinical Trial
. 2010 Aug;53(8):1700-8.
doi: 10.1007/s00125-010-1768-y. Epub 2010 May 12.

A family history of type 2 diabetes increases risk factors associated with overfeeding

D Samocha-Bonet  1 , L V Campbell, A Viardot, J Freund, C S Tam, J R Greenfield, L K Heilbronn
Affiliations
Clinical Trial

A family history of type 2 diabetes increases risk factors associated with overfeeding

D Samocha-Bonet et al. Diabetologia. 2010 Aug.

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis: The purpose of the study was to test prospectively whether healthy individuals with a family history of type 2 diabetes are more susceptible to adverse metabolic effects during experimental overfeeding.

Methods: We studied the effects of 3 and 28 days of overfeeding by 5,200 kJ/day in 41 sedentary individuals with and without a family history of type 2 diabetes (FH+ and FH- respectively). Measures included body weight, fat distribution (computed tomography) and insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp).

Results: Body weight was increased compared with baseline at 3 and 28 days in both groups (p < 0.001), FH+ individuals having gained significantly more weight than FH- individuals at 28 days (3.4 +/- 1.6 vs 2.2 +/- 1.4 kg, p < 0.05). Fasting serum insulin and C-peptide were increased at 3 and 28 days compared with baseline in both groups, with greater increases in FH+ than in FH- for insulin at +3 and +28 days (p < 0.01) and C-peptide at +28 days (p < 0.05). Fasting glucose also increased at both time points, but without a significant group effect (p = 0.1). Peripheral insulin sensitivity decreased in the whole cohort at +28 days (54.8 +/- 17.7 to 50.3 +/- 15.6 micromol min(-1) [kg fat-free mass](-1), p = 0.03), and insulin sensitivity by HOMA-IR decreased at both time points (p < 0.001) and to a greater extent in FH+ than in FH- (p = 0.008). Liver fat, subcutaneous and visceral fat increased similarly in the two groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Overfeeding induced weight and fat gain, insulin resistance and hepatic fat deposition in healthy individuals. However, individuals with a family history of type 2 diabetes gained more weight and greater insulin resistance by HOMA-IR. The results of this study suggest that healthy individuals with a family history of type 2 diabetes are predisposed to adverse effects of overfeeding.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00562393

Funding: The study was funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia (no. #427639).

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