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Multicenter Study
. 2010 Nov;35(10):1103-12.
doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsq048. Epub 2010 May 20.

Co-occurrence of victimization from five subtypes of bullying: physical, verbal, social exclusion, spreading rumors, and cyber

Jing Wang  1 , Ronald J Iannotti, Jeremy W Luk, Tonja R Nansel
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Co-occurrence of victimization from five subtypes of bullying: physical, verbal, social exclusion, spreading rumors, and cyber

Jing Wang et al. J Pediatr Psychol. 2010 Nov.

Abstract

Objective: To examine co-occurrence of five subtypes of peer victimization.

Methods: Data were obtained from a national sample of 7,475 US adolescents in grades 6 through 10 in the 2005/2006 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study. Latent class analyses (LCA) were conducted on victimization by physical, verbal, social exclusion, spreading rumors, and cyber bullying.

Results: Three latent classes were identified, including an all-types victims class (9.7% of males and 6.2% of females), a verbal/relational victims class (28.1% of males and 35.1% of females), and a nonvictim class (62.2% of males and 58.7% of females). Males were more likely to be all-type victims. There was a graded relationship between the three latent classes and level of depression, frequency of medically attended injuries, and medicine use, especially among females.

Conclusions: Increased co-occurrence of victimization types put adolescents at greater risks for poorer physical and psychological outcomes.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Item probability for each latent class. Note. For both males and females, Class 1 (all-types victims) is a group of adolescents who have high probabilities of experiencing victimization by all five bullying behaviors; Class 2 (verbal/relational victims) a group of adolescents who have moderately high probability of verbal, social exclusion, and rumor spreading victimization and relatively low probabilities of other types of victimization; and Class 3 (nonvictims) is a group of adolescents who have minimal chance of victimization in any bullying behavior
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Comparisons on health-related outcomes across class. Note. Class 1, all-types victims; Class 2, verbal/relational victims; Class 3, nonvictims; categories with different letters in the superscript were significantly different at α of .05
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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