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. 2010 Aug;153(4):1445-52.
doi: 10.1104/pp.110.154518. Epub 2010 May 27.

Monitoring the outside: cell wall-sensing mechanisms

Christoph Ringli  1
Affiliations

Monitoring the outside: cell wall-sensing mechanisms

Christoph Ringli. Plant Physiol. 2010 Aug.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Functions of proteins implicated in cell wall-related signaling and development. Receptor-like proteins and extracellular proteins are shown that have a function in cell wall sensing and/or signaling. From left to right: FEI1 and FEI2 are LRR-containing RLKs that influence cellulose content and act in a linear pathway with the GPI-anchored SOS5. A direct interaction, however, has so far not been shown. THE1 senses cellulose deficiencies and, under these conditions, induces changes in cell wall structures. COBRA is a GPI-anchored membrane-associated protein important for the orientation of cellulose microfibrils. WAK1 binds GRP3, a Gly-rich protein, and both WAK1 and WAK2 are able to interact with pectin. WAK2 activates MAPK3 and thus possibly other MAPKs and induces a vacuolar invertase to modify turgor pressure. The membrane-associated PERK4 interacts with pectin and activates Ca2+ channels, leading to increased cytosolic Ca2+ content, which can induce changes in intracellular and extracellular pH and the NADPH oxidase (NOX)-dependent production of ROS. The Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) tripeptide is a cell-adhesion motif and is bound by at least one LecRK. AGPs are GPI-anchored membrane-associated proteins implicated in cell wall-related signaling. LRX1 is an extracellular receptor binding an unknown interactor and is insolubilized in the cell wall. ANX1 and ANX2 are important for pollen tube rupture involving sudden changes in the cell wall. The TOR kinase is central to the TOR pathway that also influences cell wall structure, by a so far unknown mechanism. Solid, double-arrowed lines indicate experimentally shown interactions or signaling outputs; dashed arrows indicate possible, but not experimentally shown, interactions. Wavy lines represent GPI anchors. [See online article for color version of this figure.]
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