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. 2010 Sep 1;111(1-2):120-7.
doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.04.010. Epub 2010 May 26.

Cannabis withdrawal symptoms in non-treatment-seeking adult cannabis smokers

Kenneth H Levin  1 , Marc L Copersino, Stephen J Heishman, Fang Liu, Deanna L Kelly, Douglas L Boggs, David A Gorelick
Affiliations

Cannabis withdrawal symptoms in non-treatment-seeking adult cannabis smokers

Kenneth H Levin et al. Drug Alcohol Depend. .

Abstract

Background: Cannabis withdrawal is not recognized in DSM-IV because of doubts about its clinical significance.

Objectives: Assess the phenomenon of cannabis withdrawal and its relationship to relapse in non-treatment-seeking adults.

Subjects: Convenience sample of 469 adult cannabis smokers who had made a quit attempt while not in a controlled environment.

Methods: Subjects completed a 176-item Marijuana Quit Questionnaire collecting information on sociodemographic characteristics, cannabis use history, and their "most difficult" cannabis quit attempt.

Results: 42.4% of subjects had experienced a lifetime withdrawal syndrome, of whom 70.4% reported using cannabis in response to withdrawal. During the index quit attempt, 95.5% of subjects reported > or =1 individual withdrawal symptom (mean [SD] 9.5 [6.1], median 9.0); 43.1% reported > or =10. Number of withdrawal symptoms was significantly associated with greater frequency and amount of cannabis use, but symptoms occurred even in those using less than weekly. Symptoms were usually of > or = moderate intensity and often prompted actions to relieve them. Alcohol (41.5%) and tobacco (48.2%) were used more often than cannabis (33.3%) for this purpose. There was little change during withdrawal in use of other legal or illegal substances.

Conclusions: Cannabis withdrawal is a common syndrome among adults not seeking treatment. The intention to relieve withdrawal symptoms can drive relapse during quit attempts, giving cannabis withdrawal clinical significance as a target of treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest

No conflict declared.

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