Auxin-responsive SAUR39 gene modulates auxin level in rice

Abstract

The signaling molecule auxin plays a central role in several aspects of plant growth and developmental processes. Underlying optimization of these processes are complex mechanisms orchestrating the expression of genes involved in controlling auxin level, movement and signalling. The small auxin-up RNA (SAUR) family comprises a large set of genes whose expressions are early auxin-responsive. However, the function of these genes is largely unknown. Loss-of-function mutants in a number of Arabidopsis SAUR genes did not show any marked phenotypic differences to wild-type plants likely due to compensatory functions of conserved members of the SAUR gene family. We have recently shown that a rice SAUR39 gene negatively regulates auxin synthesis and transport in rice. Here we propose a model that constitutive induction of SAUR39 gene expression reduces growth and seed yield in rice plants due to the presence of a lower auxin level, reduced polar auxin transport, less chlorophyll and increased sugar and anthocyanin contents. In wild-type plants, the SAUR39 gene is expressed at a low level and is transiently induced by changes in external auxin or other environmental stimuli, but within hours of this change its expression is reduced to the low constitutive level. This homeostatic mechanism is essential for optimal plant growth and seed yield and its disruption due to the constitutive overexpression of SAUR39 leads to a set of negative pleiotropic phenotypes.

Keywords: anthocyanin; auxin synthesis; chlorophyll; polar auxin transport; sugar.

Figure 1

A model to explain SAUR39 gene function in negative regulation of auxin level in rice plants. (A) Constitutive upregulation of SAUR39 results in reduced rice plant growth and yield via reduced auxin synthesis and transport. (B) Transient change in auxin level results in temporary induction of SAUR39. The pointed arrows indicate positive regulation and blunt end arrows indicate negative regulation. Dotted lines indicate putative regulation.