The effects of ivermectin on the viability of Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae in vitro and on their subsequent development in the blackfly vector, Simulium ornatum

Abstract

Experiments examined the sensitivity of Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae (mf) to ivermectin in vitro using a range of parameters to measure viability. Incubation in drug (1 x 10(-4) and 5.71 x 10(-8) M) caused an immediate decrease in motility levels in a concentration dependent fashion with a continuing decline over 24 h; the inclusion of a monkey kidney cell (LLCMK2) feeder layer in the culture system partially abrogated drug effects. The use of feeder cells allowed the longer-term culture of mf; incubation in drug at low concentrations (5.71 x 10(-8) and 1 x 10(-10) M) significantly reduced motility levels during a 17 day trial. Using MTT colorimetry it was found that 10,000 untreated mf per replicate sample were required to produce a sufficient quantity of formazan to make comparisons, and that formazan formation was most rapid during the first 30 min of incubation in MTT but continued up to 3-4 h. Following incubation of mf in ivermectin (1 x 10(-4) and 5.71 x 10(-8) M) for 24 h, only the higher concentration inhibited formazan formation (51%), while motility levels were reduced by 94% and 45% respectively. Using the same drug concentrations, mf viability was assessed by measuring the uptake of [3H]2-deoxy-D-glucose; uptake was only significantly reduced (40%) by the higher concentration, while motility levels were reduced by 77% and 63% respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)