[mTOR inhibitors]

Abstract

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein complex functions as an integration center for various intracellular signaling pathways involving proliferation, cell survival, and angiogenesis. These pathways are frequently abnormally regulated in cancer. Notably, Akt is an upstream molecule which is over-expressed and/or activated in several cancers. Therefore, mTOR inhibitors can be options for the treatment of cancers. At present, mTOR inhibitors are applied to treat patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Temsirolimus is indicated as the first line therapy for RCC patients with poor prognosis, whereas everolimus as the second line for those refractory to sorafenib or sunitinib. Interstitial pneumonia is the most serious adverse event for both agents. Clinical trials are under way to explore indications for various cancers.