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. 2008 Jun 30;14(2):125-36.
doi: 10.1177/159101990801400203. Epub 2008 Jun 30.

Patterns of the Cranial Venous System from the Comparative Anatomy inVertebrates. Part III. The Ventricular System and Comparative Anatomy of the Venous Outlet of Spinal Cord and Its Homology with the Five Brain Vesicles

T Aurboonyawat  1 , V Pereira, T Krings, F Toulgoat, P Chiewvit, P Lasjaunias
Affiliations

Patterns of the Cranial Venous System from the Comparative Anatomy inVertebrates. Part III. The Ventricular System and Comparative Anatomy of the Venous Outlet of Spinal Cord and Its Homology with the Five Brain Vesicles

T Aurboonyawat et al. Interv Neuroradiol. .

Abstract

Ontogenetically, the ventricular venous systemmay develop in order to drain the gray matter(cells of the mantle layer of the neural tube) which migrates dorsally. On primitive brain vesicles of submammals especially fish, amphibianand reptile, the ventricular venous system is the major venous collector located on the middorsal surface, in between the meningeal layers comparable to the subarachnoid space in mammals. The ventricular venous system functions as a major drainage system for the brain vesicles in these submammals but its role decreases when the other two venous systems develop. Concerning the route of venous exit from the brain vesicles, we found that it resembles the spinal cord but could not be found all the way along the brain vesicles.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Three different submammalian brains with the mid-dorsal located vein(s) (in blue) lie(s) in the comparable subarachnoid space of mammals, which could be the forerunner of the median prosencephalic vein of Markowski of human embryo.
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
Figure 3
Figure 3
Evolution of the perineural venous plexus to the spinal cord vein in man (from Lasjaunias with modification).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Evolution of the perineural venous plexus at the myelencephalic region in man (from Duvernoy with modification).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Evolution of the perineural venous plexus at the metencephalic region in man (from Duvernoy with modification).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Evolution of the perineural venous plexus at the mesencephalic region in man (from Duvernoy with modification).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Evolution of the perineural venous plexus at the prosencephalic region (from Padget with modification).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Three venous systems of the brain vesicles in the lateral view (A). A diagram of the emissary bridging venous system (B) shows how venous blood leaves the brain or some venous variations can be expected.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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