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Review
. 2010 Oct;31(5):398-406.
doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2010.05.002. Epub 2010 Jun 15.

Roles of Vpr and Vpx in modulating the virus-host cell relationship

Vicente Planelles  1 , Edward Barker
Affiliations
Review

Roles of Vpr and Vpx in modulating the virus-host cell relationship

Vicente Planelles et al. Mol Aspects Med. 2010 Oct.

Abstract

The human and simian immunodeficiency viruses contain small open reading frames known as vpr and vpx. These genes encode proteins that are highly related both at the amino acid level and functionally, although key differences do exist. This review describes the main functions ascribed to Vpr and Vpx in the context of both viral replication and modulation of host cell biology.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Diagramatic structure of Vpr as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (adapted from Morellet et al., 2003). Cilinders denote regions of alpha helix comprised between residues indicated by numbers. N, amino-terminus. C, carboxy-terminus.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Signaling pathways proposed to mediate induction of G2 arrest, ULBP-1 and -2 expression, apoptosis, and LTR transactivation by HIV-1 Vpr. Ub, ubiquitin.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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