Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2010 Oct;31(5):398-406.
doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2010.05.002. Epub 2010 Jun 15.

Roles of Vpr and Vpx in modulating the virus-host cell relationship

Vicente Planelles  1 , Edward Barker
Affiliations
Review

Roles of Vpr and Vpx in modulating the virus-host cell relationship

Vicente Planelles et al. Mol Aspects Med. 2010 Oct.

Abstract

The human and simian immunodeficiency viruses contain small open reading frames known as vpr and vpx. These genes encode proteins that are highly related both at the amino acid level and functionally, although key differences do exist. This review describes the main functions ascribed to Vpr and Vpx in the context of both viral replication and modulation of host cell biology.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Diagramatic structure of Vpr as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (adapted from Morellet et al., 2003). Cilinders denote regions of alpha helix comprised between residues indicated by numbers. N, amino-terminus. C, carboxy-terminus.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Signaling pathways proposed to mediate induction of G2 arrest, ULBP-1 and -2 expression, apoptosis, and LTR transactivation by HIV-1 Vpr. Ub, ubiquitin.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Andersen JL, DeHart JL, Zimmerman ES, Ardon O, Kim B, Jacquot G, Benichou S, Planelles V. HIV-1 Vpr-induced apoptosis is cell cycle dependent and requires Bax but not ANT. PLoS Pathog. 2006;2(12):e127. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Andersen JL, Zimmerman ES, DeHart JL, Murala S, Ardon O, Blackett J, Chen J, Planelles V. ATR and GADD45alpha mediate HIV-1 Vpr-induced apoptosis. Cell Death Differ. 2005;12(4):326–34. - PubMed
    1. Angers S, Li T, Yi X, MacCoss MJ, Moon RT, Zheng N. Molecular architecture and assembly of the DDB1-CUL4A ubiquitin ligase machinery. Nature. 2006;443(7111):590–3. - PubMed
    1. Bahram S, Bresnahan M, Geraghty DE, Spies T. A second lineage of mammalian major histocompatibility complex class I genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91(14):6259–63. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Baines CP, Kaiser RA, Purcell NH, Blair NS, Osinska H, Hambleton MA, Brunskill EW, Sayen MR, Gottlieb RA, Dorn GW, Robbins J, Molkentin JD. Loss of cyclophilin D reveals a critical role for mitochondrial permeability transition in cell death. Nature. 2005;434(7033):658–62. - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources