Comparative histopathology and immunohistochemistry of QX-like, Massachusetts and 793/B serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus infection in chickens

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare experimentally the pathogenicity and tissue distribution of the recently emerged QX-like strain of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with the widespread M41 and 793/B serotypes of the virus. Histopathological and immunohistochemical methods were employed to define the main sites of virus replication. One-day-old specific pathogen free chickens were inoculated with five different QX-like strains, or with the M41 and 793/B IBV strains and monitored for 42 days post-infection. Tracheal lesions developed in all infected birds, confirming the ability of all of the tested strains to induce respiratory disease. Replication of the isolates in the alimentary tract was detected, but the infection did not cause significant gut lesions. Four of the five QX-like IBV strains induced severe kidney lesions. Dilation of the oviduct with accumulation of serum-like fluid in the lumen of this structure, reported previously from field cases of QX-like IBV infection, was observed following experimental infection with all of the five QX-like strains. Microscopical and immunohistochemical examination of the affected oviducts did not help to elucidate the pathogenesis of this lesion.

Fig. 1

Dilatation and fluid accumulation in the oviduct (arrowed) of a chick infected with the Hungarian QX-like strain of IBV at 28 dpi.

Fig. 2

Desquamated epithelial and inflammatory cells in the lumen of the trachea of a chick infected with the Chinese strain of IBV at 4 dpi. IHC. ×100.

Fig. 3

(a) The expression of viral antigen in the tubular epithelial cells of the kidney, and (b) in the mucous membrane of the ureter, in a chick infected with the Chinese strain of IBV at 4 dpi. IHC, ×100.