Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2010 Jul;16(7):1101-7.
doi: 10.3201/eid1607.091695.

Zoonotic transmission of avian influenza virus (H5N1), Egypt, 2006-2009

Amr Kandeel  1 , Serge Manoncourt, Eman Abd el Kareem, Abdel Nasser Mohamed Ahmed, Samir El-Refaie, Hala Essmat, Jeffrey Tjaden, Cecilia C de Mattos, Kenneth C Earhart, Anthony A Marfin, Nasr El-Sayed
Affiliations

Zoonotic transmission of avian influenza virus (H5N1), Egypt, 2006-2009

Amr Kandeel et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010 Jul.

Abstract

During March 2006-March 2009, a total of 6,355 suspected cases of avian influenza (H5N1) were reported to the Ministry of Health in Egypt. Sixty-three (1%) patients had confirmed infections; 24 (38%) died. Risk factors for death included female sex, age > or = 15 years, and receiving the first dose of oseltamivir >2 days after illness onset. All but 2 case-patients reported exposure to domestic poultry probably infected with avian influenza virus (H5N1). No cases of human-to-human transmission were found. Greatest risks for infection and death were reported among women > or = 15 years of age, who accounted for 38% of infections and 83% of deaths. The lower case-fatality rate in Egypt could be caused by a less virulent virus clade. However, the lower mortality rate seems to be caused by the large number of infected children who were identified early, received prompt treatment, and had less severe clinical disease.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Residences of 63 case-patients with avian influenza virus (H5N1) infections, Egypt, 2006–2009. 1, Alexandria; 2, Kafr El Sheikh; 3, Gharbia; 4, Menofia; 5, Qalubiya; 6, Behera; 7, Damietta; 8, Dakahlia; 9, Sharkia; 10, Cairo; 11, 6th of October; 12, Suez; 13, Fayoum; 14, Benu Suef; 15, Menia; 16, Assyut; 17, Sohag; 18, Qena; 19, Aswan.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Illness onset for 63 case-patients with confirmed avian influenza (H5N1), by month, Egypt, 2006–2009.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. World Health Organization. Cumulative number of confirmed cases of avian influenza A/(H5N1) reported to WHO [cited 2009 Mar 31]. http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/country/cases_table_2009_...
    1. Ungchusak K, Auewarakul P, Dowell SF, Kiphati R, Auwanit W. Puthavathana P, et al. Probable person-to-person transmission of avian influenza A (H5N1). N Engl J Med. 2005;352:333–40. 10.1056/NEJMoa044021 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Wang H, Feng Z, Shu Y, Yu H, Zhou L, Zu R, et al. Probable limited person-to-person transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in China. Lancet. 2008;371:1427–34. 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60493-6 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Yang Y, Halloran ME, Sugimoto J, Longini IM Jr. Detecting human-to-human transmission of avian influenza A (H5N1). Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:1348–53. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sedyaningsih ER, Isfandari S, Setiawaty V, Rifati L, Harun S, Purba W, et al. Epidemiology of cases of H5N1 virus infection in Indonesia, July 2005–June 2006. J Infect Dis. 2007;196:522–7. 10.1086/519692 - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources