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. 2010 May;7(5):2256-73.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph7052256. Epub 2010 May 6.

Surveillance of summer mortality and preparedness to reduce the health impact of heat waves in Italy

Paola Michelozzi  1 , Francesca K de' Donato, Anna Maria Bargagli, Daniela D'Ippoliti, Manuela De Sario, Claudia Marino, Patrizia Schifano, Giovanna Cappai, Michela Leone, Ursula Kirchmayer, Martina Ventura, Marta di Gennaro, Marco Leonardi, Fabrizio Oleari, Annamaria De Martino, Carlo A Perucci
Affiliations

Surveillance of summer mortality and preparedness to reduce the health impact of heat waves in Italy

Paola Michelozzi et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010 May.

Abstract

Since 2004, the Italian Department for Civil Protection and the Ministry of Health have implemented a national program for the prevention of heat-health effects during summer, which to-date includes 34 major cities and 93% of the residents aged 65 years and over. The Italian program represents an important example of an integrated approach to prevent the impact of heat on health, comprising Heat Health Watch Warning Systems, a mortality surveillance system and prevention activities targeted to susceptible subgroups. City-specific warning systems are based on the relationship between temperature and mortality and serve as basis for the modulation of prevention measures. Local prevention activities, based on the guidelines defined by the Ministry of Health, are constructed around the infrastructures and services available. A key component of the prevention program is the identification of susceptible individuals and the active surveillance by General Practitioners, medical personnel and social workers. The mortality surveillance system enables the timely estimation of the impact of heat, and heat waves, on mortality during summer as well as to the evaluation of warning systems and prevention programs. Considering future predictions of climate change, the implementation of effective prevention programs, targeted to high risk subjects, become a priority in the public health agenda.

Keywords: HHWWS; heat prevention plan; heat waves, mortality.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Graded levels of risk in the Italian HHWWS.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Evaluation of summer mortality. (a) Daily trend of maximum apparent temperature (Tappmax) and observed and baseline mortality in 65 years and over during summer 2008 in two Italian cities; (b) Daily trend of maximum apparent temperature (Tappmax) and observed and baseline mortality in 65 years and over during heat wave episodes in two Italian cities; (c) Relation between maximum apparent temperature (Tappmax) and mortality in 65 years and over during summer in the reference period, 2003 and 2008 in two Italian cities.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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