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Review

125I-Vascular endothelial growth factor-121

Kam Leung  1
In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004.
[updated ].
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Review

125I-Vascular endothelial growth factor-121

Kam Leung.
Free Books & Documents

Excerpt

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) consists of at least six isoforms of various number of amino acids (121, 145, 165, 183, 189, and 206 amino acids) produced through alternative splicing (1). VEGF121, VEGF165, and VEGF189 are the forms secreted by most cell types and are active as homodimers linked by disulfide bonds. VEGF121 does not bind to heparin like the other VEGF species (2). VEGF is a potent angiogenic factor that induces proliferation, sprouting, migration, and tube formation of endothelial cells. There are three high-affinity tyrosine kinase VEGF receptors (VEGFR-1, Flt-1; VEGFR-2, KDR/Flt-1; and VEGFR-3, Flt-4) on endothelial cells. Several types of non-endothelial cells such as hematopoietic stem cells, melanoma cells, monocytes, osteoblasts, and pancreatic β cells also express VEGF receptors (1).

VEGF receptors were found to be overexpressed in various tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells (3). Inhibition of VEGF receptor function has been shown to inhibit pathological angiogenesis as well as tumor growth and metastasis (4, 5). 123I-VEGF165 has been developed as a single-photon emission computed tomography tracer for imaging solid tumors and angiogenesis in humans (6-8). Yoshimoto et al. (9) compared biodistribution of 125I-VEGF121 and 125I-VEGF165 in an LS180 human colon tumor xenograft model to develop 125I-VEGF121 as an imaging agent to study tumor angiogenesis.

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References

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