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. 2010 Jun;7(6):2559-606.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph7062559. Epub 2010 Jun 14.

Public perceptions of climate change as a human health risk: surveys of the United States, Canada and Malta

Karen Akerlof  1 , Roberto Debono, Peter Berry, Anthony Leiserowitz, Connie Roser-Renouf, Kaila-Lea Clarke, Anastasia Rogaeva, Matthew C Nisbet, Melinda R Weathers, Edward W Maibach
Affiliations

Public perceptions of climate change as a human health risk: surveys of the United States, Canada and Malta

Karen Akerlof et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010 Jun.

Abstract

We used data from nationally representative surveys conducted in the United States, Canada and Malta between 2008 and 2009 to answer three questions: Does the public believe that climate change poses human health risks, and if so, are they seen as current or future risks? Whose health does the public think will be harmed? In what specific ways does the public believe climate change will harm human health? When asked directly about the potential impacts of climate change on health and well-being, a majority of people in all three nations said that it poses significant risks; moreover, about one third of Americans, one half of Canadians, and two-thirds of Maltese said that people are already being harmed. About a third or more of people in the United States and Canada saw themselves (United States, 32%; Canada, 67%), their family (United States, 35%; Canada, 46%), and people in their community (United States, 39%; Canada, 76%) as being vulnerable to at least moderate harm from climate change. About one third of Maltese (31%) said they were most concerned about the risk to themselves and their families. Many Canadians said that the elderly (45%) and children (33%) are at heightened risk of harm, while Americans were more likely to see people in developing countries as being at risk than people in their own nation. When prompted, large numbers of Canadians and Maltese said that climate change can cause respiratory problems (78-91%), heat-related problems (75-84%), cancer (61-90%), and infectious diseases (49-62%). Canadians also named sunburn (79%) and injuries from extreme weather events (73%), and Maltese cited allergies (84%). However, climate change appears to lack salience as a health issue in all three countries: relatively few people answered open-ended questions in a manner that indicated clear top-of-mind associations between climate change and human health risks. We recommend mounting public health communication initiatives that increase the salience of the human health consequences associated with climate change.

Keywords: Canada; Malta; United States; climate change; global warming; opinion poll; public health; survey.

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Figures

Figure S1.
Figure S1.
Maltese perceptions of risk of death from climate change by educational level.
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
U.S. public perceptions of impacts from global warming.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
U.S. perceptions of timing of harm to people from global warming.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
U.S. perceptions of current and future deaths resulting from global warming.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
U.S. perceptions of current and future illnesses and injuries resulting from global warming.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Canadian perceptions of environmental impacts resulting from climate change.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Maltese perceptions of likelihood of health risks resulting from climate change.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
U.S. perceptions of who will be the most harmed from global warming.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Canadian perceptions of likelihood of increased specific risks from climate change.
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
Maltese public perceptions of types of health risks from climate change.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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