Lessons learned: protection of healthcare workers from infectious disease risks

Abstract

Objective: To summarize current concepts on preventing occupationally acquired infections in healthcare workers.

Design: Review of the pertinent medical literature.

Settings: Focus on healthcare workers practicing in acute care hospitals, especially intensive care units.

Subjects: Healthcare workers.

Measurements and main results: Key components of an effective infection control program include the following: 1) pre-exposure immunization with vaccines to prevent mumps, measles, rubella, varicella, pertussis, hepatitis B, and viral influenza; 2) adherence to standard precautions when providing patient care, especially the performance of hand hygiene before and after patient care; 3) rapid evaluation and initiation of appropriate isolation precautions for patients with potentially communicable diseases; 4) proper use of personal protective equipment such as masks, N95 respirators, eye protection, and gowns when caring for patients with potentially communicable diseases; and 5) evaluation of personnel with exposure to communicable diseases for receipt of postexposure prophylaxis.

Conclusions: Risks of acquisition of infectious diseases by healthcare workers can be minimized by adherence to current infection control guidelines.