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. 2010 Dec;58(12):1208-16.
doi: 10.1007/s00106-010-2142-6.

[Deviant language development following cochlear implantation? Applicability of the parent questionnaire ELFRA-2]

[Article in German]
K Reichmuth  1 , A Nickisch, P Matulat, A Fiori, J Swart, K Elixmann-Mittler, V Voigtmann, W Döring, A Stollenwerk, A Lesinski-Schiedat, S von der Haar-Heise, A Knief, A am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen
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[Deviant language development following cochlear implantation? Applicability of the parent questionnaire ELFRA-2]

[Article in German]
K Reichmuth et al. HNO. 2010 Dec.

Abstract

Background: The parent questionnaire ELFRA-2 is considered a valid tool for early detection of delayed language development in 2-year-old children. Applicability for children treated with cochlear implants (CI) is to be investigated.

Methods: By means of the ELFRA-2 we documented longitudinally for up to 24 months post implantation language development in 27 children treated before 3 years of age. The critical developmental criteria (related to age) were applied to CI children (related to duration of CI use) and gender-related normative data were taken as a reference.

Results: Only two boys were identified as showing a language delay after 2 years of CI use. However, using normative data 11-44% of the children performed below average. Development in girls was faster than in boys. The influence of preoperative hearing experience declined over time.

Conclusion: The critical developmental criteria of ELFRA-2 have proved to be unreliable for the identification of varying development after CI. Modified and gender-related evaluation is necessary.

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