Evaluation of nipple-areola complex with ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract

Because both benign and malignant nipple periareolar region lesions may present with similar clinical findings such as nipple discharge and retraction, they require a diagnostically specific imaging workup. Despite multidisciplinary clinical approaches, malignancy cannot be excluded without diagnostic modalities.Because of the intricacy of the anatomical structures and their superficial position, the diagnostic techniques routinely used to evaluate the different sides of the breast may often be inadequate. Adjunct use of multiple imaging modalities is necessary to evaluate this region.