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. 2010 Jul 9;15(7):4815-74.
doi: 10.3390/molecules15074815.

Microheterogeneous catalysis

Eva Bernal  1 , María Marchena, Francisco Sánchez
Affiliations

Microheterogeneous catalysis

Eva Bernal et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

The catalytic effect of micelles, polymers (such as DNA, polypeptides) and nanoparticles, saturable receptors (cyclodextrins and calixarenes) and more complex systems (mixing some of the above mentioned catalysts) have been reviewed. In these microheterogeneous systems the observed changes in the rate constants have been rationalized using the Pseudophase Model. This model produces equations that can be derived from the Brönsted equation, which is the basis for a more general formulation of catalytic effects, including electrocatalysis. When, in the catalyzed reaction one of the reactants is in the excited state, the applicability (at least formally) of the Pseudophase Model occurs only in two limiting situations: the lifetime of the fluorophore and the distributions of the quencher and the probe are the main properties that define the different situations.

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Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Schematic Representation of the changes in the activation free energy of a reaction when the system goes from a reference state to the actual state.
Scheme 2
Scheme 2
Simplified scheme of sequential electron transfer process in a photosynthetic system.
Scheme 3
Scheme 3
Formulas of the triade and the quinone employed in reference 125.
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