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Review
. 2010 Aug;56(2):247-50.
doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.06.004.

Uric acid, CKD, and cardiovascular disease: confounders, culprits, and circles

Navdeep Tangri, Daniel E Weiner
Review

Uric acid, CKD, and cardiovascular disease: confounders, culprits, and circles

Navdeep Tangri et al. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010 Aug.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1a
Figure 1a
A confounder is associated with both the exposure and the outcome, but does not comprise the causal pathway between the exposure and the outcome. In this case, Hyperuricemia and CKD are associated and CKD and cardiovascular disease are associated but the relationship between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular disease is not mediated by the relationships with CKD.
Figure 1b
Figure 1b
A mediator is associated with both the exposure and the outcome, and comprises the causal pathway between the exposure and the outcome. In this case, hyperuricemia causes CKD which causes cardiovascular disease.
Figure 1c
Figure 1c
A causal diagram where the association between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular disease is both independently of CKD as well as mediated via CKD.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment on

References

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