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. 2010 Jul;47(1):1-11.
doi: 10.3164/jcbn.10-13R. Epub 2010 Jun 18.

Applications of electron spin resonance spectrometry for reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species research

Masahiro Kohno  1
Affiliations

Applications of electron spin resonance spectrometry for reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species research

Masahiro Kohno. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2010 Jul.

Abstract

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy has been widely applied in the research of biological free radicals for quantitative and qualitative analyses of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The ESR spin-trapping method was developed in the early 1970s and enabled the analysis of short-lived free radicals. This method is now widely used as one of the most powerful tools for free radical studies. In this report, some of the studies that applied ESR for the measurement of ROS and RNS during oxidative stress are discussed.

Keywords: chemiluminescence; electron spin resonance; reactive nitrogen species; reactive oxygen species.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
(a) Schematic illustration summarizing the biological systems involved in the generation and decomposition of ROS. (b) Schematic illustration summarizing the chemical reactions involved in the generation and decomposition of RNS.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Chemical structures of spin-trapping agents, and the reactions between the agents and a free radical to form spin adducts.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase: representative enzymes that contribute to the production of O2•− in biological systems.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Schematic illustration for the formation of NO by inducible NO synthase (i-NOS).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Chemical reaction between the stable free radical carboxyl-PTIO and NO, which is used for the quantitative and qualitative assessment of NO.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Chemical reactions between Fe-bisMGD or Fe-bisDTCS, with NO: novel methods for the quantitative and qualitative assessment of NO at room temperature. (a) and (b) show the structures of MGD and DTCS, respectively, and (c) shows a representative ESR spectrum of MGD2-Fe-NO.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Proposed mechanism for the formation of HOOOH via NADPH oxidation.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Schematic illustration for the traditional concept of oxidative injury and the pivotal role of SOD in the generation of ROS.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Schematic illustration of a new concept proposing the pivotal role of a novel oxygen intermediate in oxidative injury.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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