Topical vaginal estrogen therapy in managing postmenopausal urinary symptoms: a reality or a gimmick?

Abstract

Postmenopausal estrogen deprivation has been suggested as a risk factor for lower urinary tract dysfunction including stress incontinence, overactive bladder and recurrent urinary tract infection. These symptoms could have enormous effects on individuals and health-care providers in terms of impact on quality of life and cost. Recent randomized, controlled trials suggested that systemic hormone replacement therapy does have a negative effect on female lower urinary tract function, probably because of the progestogen component. Further, it may be unacceptable for many women because of concerns about breast cancer or the return of withdrawal bleeding. Topical vaginal estrogen preparations reverse urogenital atrophic changes and may relieve associated urinary symptoms while avoiding systemic and progestogenic effects. This article provides an up-to-date overview of the role, effectiveness and safety of topical vaginal estrogen therapy for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in postmenopausal women.