Nanodiamonds as Carriers for Address Delivery of Biologically Active Substances

Abstract

Surface of detonation nanodiamonds was functionalized for the covalent attachment of immunoglobulin, and simultaneously bovine serum albumin and Rabbit Anti-Mouse Antibody. The nanodiamond-IgG(I125) and RAM-nanodiamond-BSA(I125) complexes are stable in blood serum and the immobilized proteins retain their biological activity. It was shown that the RAM-nanodiamond-BSA(I125) complex is able to bind to the target antigen immobilized on the Sepharose 6B matrix through antibody-antigen interaction. The idea can be extended to use nanodiamonds as carriers for delivery of bioactive substances (i.e., drugs) to various targets in vivo.

Figure 1

Radioactivity of supernatants after multiple washings with serum of a precipitate containing IgG^I125 adsorbed on nanodiamonds (percentage of radioactivity of the initial protein IgGI^I125 sample)

Figure 2

Typical distribution of radioactivity registered after Sepharose 6B chromatography of supernatants. The supernatants were obtained by washings with serum of the precipitate containing IgG^I125 adsorbed on nanodiamonds

Figure 3

Distribution of radioactivity registered after Sepharose 6B chromatography of the initial protein IgG^I125 sample

Figure 4

Distribution of radioactivity registered after Sepharose 6B chromatography of a serum sample containing IgG^I125 on nanodiamonds. The sample was obtained after 20 washings

Figure 5

Schematic representation of protein immobilization on the benzoquinone activated nanodiamonds

Figure 6

Radioactivity of supernatants after serial washings of the precipitate containing IgG^I125 immobilized on nanodiamonds with serum (percentage of radioactivity of the initial protein IgG^I125 sample)

Figure 7

Typical distribution of radioactivity registered after Sepharose 6B chromatography of supernatants. The supernatants were obtained by washing the precipitate containing IgG^I125 immobilized on nanodiamonds with serum

Figure 8

Distribution of radioactivity registered after Sepharose 6B chromatography of a serum sample containing IgG^I125 immobilized on nanodiamonds. The sample was obtained after 20 washings

Figure 9

Residual radioactivity of supernatants versus time of centrifugation at 16,000 g for serum samples containing the nanodiamond–IgG^I125 complex

Figure 10

Schematic of experiment to illustrate the ability of the RAM–nanodiamond–BSA^I125 complex to bind to the target antigen

Figure 11

Radioactivity registered after chromatography of serum samples containing the RAM–nanodiamond–BSA^I125 complex: 1—sorbent with immobilized BSA, 2—sorbent with immobilized mouse IgG (percentage of radioactivity of the initial samples used for chromatography)