Hematological parameters and the state of liver cells of rats after oral administration of aflatoxin b1 alone and together with nanodiamonds

Abstract

Hematological parameters and the state of liver cells of rats were examined in vivo after the animals received aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) alone and together with modified nanodiamonds (MND) synthesized by detonation. The rats that had received the MND hydrosol had elevated leukocyte levels, mainly due to higher granulocyte counts and somewhat increased monocyte counts compared to control rats. Hematological parameters of the rats that had received AfB1 alone differed from those of the control rats in another way: total white blood cell counts were significantly lower due to the decreased lymphocyte counts. In rats that had consumed AfB1 with the MND hydrosol, changes in hematological parameters were less pronounced than in rats that had consumed either AfB1 or MND. Electron microscopy showed that hepatocytes of the rats that had received the MND hydrosol or AfB1 with the MND hydrosol contained elevated levels of lipid inclusions and lysosomes. Hyperplasia of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (EPR) was revealed in liver specimens of the rats that had received AfB1. Results of the study suggest the conclusion about mutual mitigation of the effects of nanoparticles and the mycotoxin on rats blood and liver cells after AfB1 has adsorbed on MND.

Keywords: Adsorbent; Aflatoxin B1; Detoxification; Nanodiamonds.

Figure 1

MND sorption characteristics depending on the AfB₁ content in specimen at a constant amount of nanoparticles (a) and depending on the content of nanoparticles in specimen at a constant amount of AfB₁ (volume 1 mL) (b)

Figure 2

Spectral parameters of the aqueous solution of AfB₁ and the supernatant resulting from mixing of the AfB₁ aqueous solution and the MND hydrosol and subsequent centrifugation to remove nanoparticles with adsorbed mycotoxin

Figure 3

Leukocyte levels in the blood of rats that orally received water (control), the MND hydrosol, the AfB₁ aqueous solution, and AfB₁ with the MND hydrosol. Note: WBC leukocytes, LYM lymphocytes, MON monocytes, GRA granulocytes. Hematological parameters were determined at the end of experiment

Figure 4

Red blood cells (a) and platelet counts (b) in the rats of the treatment groups and the control animals. Hematological parameters were determined at the end of experiment

Figure 5

Ultrastructure of hepatocytes of animals: a Group 1 rats that orally received water, b Group 2 rats that orally received the MND hydrosol, c Group 3 rats that orally received the AfB₁ aqueous solution, d Group 4 rats that orally received AfB₁ with the MND hydrosol. Bar—2 μm. Arrows show hyperplasia of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in hepatocyte image. Note: n nucleus, m mitochondria, lip lipid inclusions, ly lysosomes