Base rates for depersonalization according to the 2-item version of the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale (CDS-2) and its associations with depression/anxiety in the general population

Abstract

Background: Recently, the two item version of the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale (CDS-2) has been validated in a clinical sample and has demonstrated that it is a useful tool for the detection of clinically significant depersonalization (DP). In order to provide a framework for the interpretation of the CDS-2 scores the aim of this study was to achieve normative data of a representative sample of the German population and to evaluate the associations with depression, anxiety and sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods: A nationally representative face-to-face household survey was conducted during the mid of 2009 in Germany. The sample comprised N = 2512 participants. The survey questionnaire consisted of the CDS-2, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and demographic characteristics.

Results: Case level of DP was found for 3.4% of the participants without significant sex and age differences. Although DP was strongly associated with depression and anxiety, principal component analysis clearly supported the distinctiveness of the psychopathological syndromes of depression, anxiety and DP.

Limitations: A criterion standard diagnostic interview for DP, anxiety and depression was not included.

Conclusions: The results provide a framework for the interpretation of the CDS-2 scores and support the view that DP is a common and distinct psychopathological syndrome.