Bone metastasis associated with shunt-related peritoneal deposits from a pineal germinoma. Case report and review of the literature

Abstract

The case of a 15-year-old boy with a pineal germinoma is reported. The patient first underwent a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt followed by a stereotactic biopsy, then, because of the rapidly deteriorating neurological status, an emergency craniotomy with subtotal removal of the tumour was performed. Two months after surgery, a left femoral metastasis and extensive peritoneal lesions became evident; they were regarded as due to haematogenous and VP shunt spread of the germinoma. At that time, extremely high serum levels of placental alkaline phosphatase were detected. The patient died 6 months after the initial diagnosis. The occurrence of extraneural metastases as well as of shunt related peritoneal deposits from primary intracranial germinoma is discussed. As far as we know this is the first reported case of a combination of haematogenous as well as VP shunt spread of a pineal germinoma.