Brucellosis: past, present and future

Abstract

Aim: To present an overview and the specificities of the biology and epidemiology, pathogenesis and diagnostics, public health aspects, vaccination and control of brucellosis as a global zoonosis.

Methods: Of the various methods to control brucellosis in animals such as vaccination, hygiene, and test and slaughter of infected animals, widespread vaccination is the most rapid, efficient and effective procedure.

Results: Despite much progress in the control and sometimes eradication of brucellosis in cattle in many countries, the situation with the disease in small ruminants is proving to be much more difficult. Political and socioeconomic problems are deterrents to success. It is a veterinary responsibility to accept the challenge to control animal brucellosis, which will then control the disease in humans. The success of the control effects will be primarily measured by a decrease in human cases.

Conclusion: Effective control of brucellosis requires a long-term commitment from many governmental agencies. Assistance from international animal and human health organizations in resources and expertise is necessary in many developing countries. There are no easy solutions. Research on alternative strategies in vaccines and their usage, diagnostic tests, and treatments should be encouraged.