The Poland anomalad: a clinical and cytogenetic study of seven cases

Abstract

Seven patients with Poland anomalad, 6 males and one female, are reported. Four were affected on the right and 3 on the left side. The clinical, radiological and cytogenetic findings in these cases are discussed. In all the patients the nipples were asymmetric, the one on the affected side was sometimes set higher or lower than the one on the normal side, in relation to the extent of the muscle defect. One patient had coloboma of the iris. There was a greater variability of the defect of the upper extremity and especially of the ipsilateral hand than of the muscle anomaly. The hand seemed almost normal in 3 cases but these cases seem to represent the variability of the malformation. All cases were sporadic. Delivery was complicated in 4/7 and one patient had a twin brother with myelomeningocele.