Renal functional outcomes after partial nephrectomy with extended ischemic intervals are better than after radical nephrectomy

Abstract

Purpose: Partial nephrectomy is now a standard of care for clinical stage T1 renal cancers amenable to a nephron sparing approach. Based on tumor size and location, some partial nephrectomies can be more challenging and necessitate longer ischemic intervals, and radical nephrectomy is considered an alternative standard of care for these tumors. We evaluate whether partial nephrectomy with extended ischemia provides improved renal functional outcomes compared with radical nephrectomy.

Materials and methods: Renal functional outcomes were analyzed in 2,402 consecutive patients with serum creatinine 1.4 mg/dl or less and 2 functioning kidneys treated for cT1 renal cancer at Cleveland Clinic with partial (1,833, 76%) or radical nephrectomy (569, 24%). Patients treated with partial nephrectomy were grouped according to duration of ischemia using the categories of limited (less than 30 minutes), unknown or extended (greater than 30 minutes).

Results: Patients in all 4 groups had similar preoperative creatinine (median 0.9 mg/dl) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (median 82 to 84 ml/minute/1.73 m(2)). Patients undergoing radical nephrectomy on average were older, and had more comorbidities and larger tumors (p <0.001). Regardless of type of surgery, this cohort as a whole was at low risk (less than 1%) for renal failure (estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 15 ml/minute/1.73 m(2)). However, patients in the radical nephrectomy cohort were far more likely (p <0.001) to have an estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 45 ml/minute/1.73 m(2) (35%) than any of the partial nephrectomy groups (limited 11%, unknown 15%, extended ischemia 19%).

Conclusions: Even when performed with extended ischemia, partial nephrectomy is associated with renal functional outcomes superior to those of radical nephrectomy for clinical stage T1 renal cancers. Partial nephrectomy should be considered even for tumors in which anticipated ischemia may exceed 30 minutes.