Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2010 Oct;100(10):1896-903.
doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.188664. Epub 2010 Aug 19.

Smoking-related health risks among persons with HIV in the Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy clinical trial

Alan R Lifson  1 , Jacqueline Neuhaus, Jose Ramon Arribas, Mary van den Berg-Wolf, Ann M Labriola, Timothy R H Read; INSIGHT SMART Study Group
Affiliations

Smoking-related health risks among persons with HIV in the Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy clinical trial

Alan R Lifson et al. Am J Public Health. 2010 Oct.

Abstract

Objectives: We sought to determine smoking-related hazard ratios (HRs) and population-attributable risk percentage (PAR%) for serious clinical events and death among HIV-positive persons, whose smoking prevalence is higher than in the general population.

Methods: For 5472 HIV-infected persons enrolled from 33 countries in the Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy clinical trial, we evaluated the relationship between baseline smoking status and development of AIDS-related or serious non-AIDS events and overall mortality.

Results: Among all participants, 40.5% were current smokers and 24.8% were former smokers. Adjusted HRs were higher for current than for never smokers for overall mortality (2.4; P < .001), major cardiovascular disease (2.0; P = .002), non-AIDS cancer (1.8; P = .008), and bacterial pneumonia (2.3; P < .001). Adjusted HRs also were significantly higher for these outcomes among current than among former smokers. The PAR% for current versus former and never smokers combined was 24.3% for overall mortality, 25.3% for major cardiovascular disease, 30.6% for non-AIDS cancer, and 25.4% for bacterial pneumonia.

Conclusions: Smoking contributes to substantial morbidity and mortality in this HIV-infected population. Providers should routinely integrate smoking cessation programs into HIV health care.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Cumulative probability of death (all-cause mortality) by months of follow-up, among current, former, and never smokers: Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy clinical trial, 2002–2006.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Palella FJ, Jr, Baker RK, Moorman AC, et al. Mortality in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: changing causes of death and disease in the HIV outpatient study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006;43(1):27–34 - PubMed
    1. Mocroft A, Ledergerber B, Katlama C, et al. Decline in the AIDS and death rates in the EuroSIDA study: an observational study. Lancet. 2003;362(9377):22–29 - PubMed
    1. Lau B, Gange SJ, Moore RD. Risk of non-AIDS-related mortality may exceed risk of AIDS-related mortality among individuals enrolling into care with CD4+ counts greater than 200 cells/mm3. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;44(2):179–187 - PubMed
    1. Phillips AN, Neaton J, Lundgren JD. The role of HIV in serious diseases other than AIDS. AIDS. 2008;22(18):2409–2418 - PMC - PubMed
    1. Pacheco AG, Tuboi SH, May SB, et al. Temporal changes in causes of death among HIV-infected patients in the HAART era in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;51(5):624–630 - PMC - PubMed

Publication types