Calcium dependence of fibrin nanomechanics: the γ1 calcium mediates the unfolding of fibrinogen induced by force applied to the "A-a" bond

Abstract

The interactions between the constituent monomers of fibrin, the polymerized protein network that provides the structural stability of blood clots, are frequently under stress because of the dynamic nature of blood flow. Herein, the calcium dependence of the structural unfolding linked to the forced dissociation of the "A-a" knob-hole bond between fibrin monomers is reported. The presence of calcium was shown to influence the incidence of the last event in the unfolding pattern characteristic of "A-a" rupture. This effect, attributed to the function of the γ1 calcium-binding site, was found to be reversible and specific. Our results indicate that binding of calcium at the γ1 site has no effect on the strength of the knob-hole bond prior to unfolding of the hole-containing γ module. Rather, calcium bound at the γ1 site makes the structure of the hole more resilient to such forced unfolding, leading to survival of the "A-a" knob-hole bond during larger extensions of the fibrinogen molecule but at the cost of rupture of the bond at lower forces.