Caries in the preschool child: international trends

Abstract

Most studies on the prevalence and incidence of dental caries are carried out on schoolchildren and data on preschool children are comparably few. In most of the developing countries in South East Asia, children have a high prevalence of dental caries in the primary dentition, often in contrast to the situation in the permanent dentition. The reasons for this difference are not obvious, but may be linked to differences in diet. In Africa, dental caries prevalence in the preschool child seems to be increasing somewhat in countries or parts of countries where there is an increase in sugar intake, while it stays low in countries where a poor economy restricts sugar intake. The prevalence does not seem to be as high as in South East Asia. In most industrialized countries in northern Europe, in North America, in Australia and New Zealand, dental caries is decreasing, often linked to an increasing use of fluorides, to various types of dental health education programmes, etc. In many European countries, the prevalence in preschool children is, however, still high and caries in primary teeth is often left untreated. In Scandinavia, where all preschool children are included in an organized dental care programme, dental caries has been decreasing markedly during the 1970s and at the beginning of the 1980s. While the mean values for d.m.f.t. at present appear to be largely unchanged, there seems to be a change in the distribution of the disease. More and more children are totally free of the disease, while the group with high d.m.f. values has a tendency to increase.