Progression in atherosclerosis: histological features and pathophysiology of atherosclerotic lesions

Abstract

In this article, we present an illustrated and brief review of the literature concerning the histological and pathophysiological features of human atherosclerosis. Although the basic descriptive terms remain unchanged, the classification systems have evolved, and a uniform terminology is essential in clinical and laboratory researches. We discuss the major difficulties in classifying atherosclerotic lesions and give an overview of the most important histological classification systems as provided by the American Heart Association and Virmani et al (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000;20:1262). Furthermore, we present the most recent literature concerning plaque progression, including enlargement of the lipid core and neovascularization.