Regional muscle and whole-body composition factors related to mobility in older individuals: a review
- PMID: 20808481
- PMCID: PMC2793694
- DOI: 10.3138/physio.61.4.197
Regional muscle and whole-body composition factors related to mobility in older individuals: a review
Abstract
Purpose: To describe previously reported locomotor muscle and whole-body composition factors related to mobility in older individuals.
Methods: A narrative review of the literature, including a combination of search terms related to muscle and whole-body composition factors and to mobility in older individuals, was carried out. Statistical measures of association and risk were consolidated to summarize the common effects between studies.
Results: Fifty-three studies were reviewed. Muscle and whole-body factors accounted for a substantial amount of the variability in walking speed, with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.30 to 0.47. Muscle power consistently accounted for a greater percentage of the variance in mobility than did strength. Risks associated with high fat mass presented a minimum odds ratio (OR) of 0.70 and a maximum OR of 4.07, while the minimum and maximum ORs associated with low lean mass were 0.87 and 2.30 respectively. Whole-body and regional fat deposits accounted for significant amounts of the variance in mobility.
Conclusion: Muscle power accounts for a greater amount of the variance in the level of mobility in older individuals than does muscle strength. Whole-body fat accounts for a greater amount of the variance in level of mobility than does whole-body lean tissue. Fat stored within muscle also appears to increase the risk of a mobility limitation in older individuals.
Objectif : Décrire les facteurs préalablement observés de composition des muscles locomoteurs et de composition corporelle liés à la mobilité des personnes âgées.
Méthode : Examen narratif de la documentation, y compris une combinaison des critères de recherche liés à des facteurs de composition des muscles et de l'ensemble du corps, et à la mobilité des personnes âgées. Les mesures statistiques d'association et de risques ont été consolidées afin de résumer les effets communs aux différentes études.
Résultats : Au total, 53 études ont été examinées. Les facteurs liés aux muscles et au corps dans son ensemble comptaient pour une part importante de la variabilité de la vitesse de marche, avec des coefficients de détermination variant de 0,30 à 0,47. La puissance musculaire se retrouve constamment en une plus forte proportion que la force dans la variation de la mobilité. Les risques associés à une masse grasse élevée présentent un rapport d'incidence rapproché de 0,70, jusqu'à un maximum de 4,07, alors que les rapports minimum et maximum associés à une faible masse maigre sont de 0,87 à 2,30, respectivement. Le corps dans son ensemble et les dépôts de graisse localisés ont un rôle considérable à jouer dans la variation de la mobilité.
Conclusion : La puissance musculaire joue un rôle plus important que la force des muscles dans la variation du degré de mobilité chez les personnes âgées. La quantité totale de gras corporel a des effets plus importants sur la variation du degré de mobilité que l'ensemble des tissus maigres. Le gras dans les muscles semble aussi accroître les risques de limitation de la mobilité chez les individus plus âgés.
Keywords: disability; fat; mobility; muscle; power; sarcopenia; strength.
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