Septic versus aseptic hip revision: how different?

Abstract

Background: The few available studies directly comparing aseptic and septic joint revision surgery report conflicting results. We investigated whether two-stage revision of septic hip prosthesis with a preformed antibiotic-loaded spacer and an uncemented prosthesis provides hip function and quality of life similar to those provided by aseptic revision surgery in the medium term, as well as the associated direct hospital costs.

Materials and methods: We prospectively evaluated the hip function (Harris hip score) and quality of life (WOMAC and SF-12 scores) of 80 patients who underwent one-stage revision for aseptic loosening (Group A, 40 patients) or two-stage revision for septic total hip prostheses (Group S, 40 patients). Patients were matched for gender, age, and bone loss. A preformed antibiotic-loaded cement spacer was used for two-stage revision, and uncemented modular prostheses were implanted at revision in both groups. The minimum follow-up was 2 years (average 4 years; range 2-6 years).

Results: We found no difference in infection recurrence or aseptic loosening rate in the two groups. Average Harris hip score increased similarly in both groups: from 19.1 to 74.0 in Group A versus 15.0-71.2 in Group S. Patient-reported quality-of-life questionnaires (SF-12 and WOMAC) at last follow-up were similar postoperatively, but the complication rate for Group S was twice that of Group A (20.8 versus 10%). Mean overall hospital-related costs of two-stage procedures were 2.2 times greater than those for aseptic revisions.

Conclusions: Two-stage revision for infected hip prostheses, using a preformed antibiotic-loaded cement spacer and uncemented revision prosthesis, offers a success rate comparable to noninfected revisions in the medium term but is associated with a higher complication rate and costs.

Fig. 1

The preformed antibiotic-loaded spacer used in the study for two-stage hip revision (InterSpace^® Hip; Tecres SpA, Verona, Italy; Exactech Inc., Gainesville, FL, USA). The spacer comes in three different head sizes and two stem sizes: short (260 mm, shown in figure) and long (360 mm). The size may be chosen intraoperatively by the surgeon on the basis of reusable trials

Fig. 2

An intraoperative photograph shows that the preformed cement spacer is only proximally fixed with antibiotic-loaded cement to prevent rotational instability and unwanted sinking of the implant