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. 2010 Dec;67(4):353-7.
doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.07.014. Epub 2010 Sep 1.

Estrogen exposure and bladder cancer risk in Egyptian women

Beverly J Wolpert  1 , Sania Amr, Sameera Ezzat, Doa'a Saleh, Iman Gouda, Iman Loay, Tamer Hifnawy, Nabiel N Mikhail, Mohamed Abdel-Hamid, Min Zhan, Yun-Ling Zheng, Katherine Squibb, Mohamed A Abdel-Aziz, Mohamed Zaghloul, Hussein Khaled, Christopher A Loffredo
Affiliations

Estrogen exposure and bladder cancer risk in Egyptian women

Beverly J Wolpert et al. Maturitas. 2010 Dec.

Abstract

Objective: To examine associations between reproductive history and urinary bladder cancer in Egyptian women.

Methods: We used questionnaire data from an ongoing, multicenter case-control study in Egypt. Controls were matched on age and residence area. This analysis focused on female cases with confirmed urothelial (UC) and squamous cell (SCC) carcinoma of the bladder.

Results: We recruited 779 women (540 controls, 239 cases; >98.0% nonsmokers). Younger age at menopause (<45 y) and older age at first pregnancy (>18 y) were factors significantly associated with increased risk of bladder cancer, even after adjusting for schistosomiasis history and other covariates in the multivariable logistic model; adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were 1.98 (1.41, 2.77) and 6.26 (3.46, 11.34), respectively. On the other hand, multiple pregnancies or use of oral contraceptives were associated with decreased odds of having bladder cancer. Similar associations were observed with UC and SCC when analyzed separately; however, the magnitude of association with SCC was lower than with UC.

Conclusion: Our data suggest that early estrogen exposure, or the relative lack of it, plays a role in urinary bladder carcinoma development among Egyptian women.

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