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. 2010 Sep;12(6):638-46.
doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2010.00853.x.

Autoimmune diseases, bipolar disorder, and non-affective psychosis

William W Eaton  1 , Marianne G Pedersen, Philip R Nielsen, Preben Bo Mortensen
Affiliations

Autoimmune diseases, bipolar disorder, and non-affective psychosis

William W Eaton et al. Bipolar Disord. 2010 Sep.

Abstract

Objective: Clinic-based studies of immune function, as well as comorbidity of autoimmune diseases, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, suggest a possible autoimmune etiology. Studies of non-affective psychosis and schizophrenia suggest common etiologies. The objective was to determine the degree to which 30 different autoimmune diseases are antecedent risk factors for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and non-affective psychosis.

Methods: A cohort of 3.57 million births in Denmark was linked to the Psychiatric Case Register and the National Hospital Register. There were 20,317 cases of schizophrenia, 39,076 cases of non-affective psychosis, and 9,920 cases of bipolar disorder.

Results: As in prior studies, there was a range of autoimmune diseases which predicted raised risk of schizophrenia in individuals who had a history of autoimmune diseases, and also raised risk in persons whose first-degree relatives had an onset of autoimmune disease prior to onset of schizophrenia in the case. These relationships also existed for the broader category of non-affective psychosis. Only pernicious anemia in the family was associated with raised risk for bipolar disorder (relative risk: 1.7), suggesting a small role for genetic linkage. A history of Guillain-Barré syndrome, Crohn's disease, and autoimmune hepatitis in the individual was associated with raised risk of bipolar disorder.

Conclusions: The familial relationship of schizophrenia to a range of autoimmune diseases extends to non-affective psychosis, but not to bipolar disorder. The data suggest that autoimmune processes precede onset of schizophrenia, but also non-affective psychosis and bipolar disorder.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors of this paper do not have any commercial associations that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with this manuscript.

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