Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2010 Apr;26(2):159-66.
doi: 10.4103/0970-1591.65380.

Hemorrhagic cystitis: A challenge to the urologist

R Manikandan  1 , Santosh Kumar, Lalgudi N Dorairajan
Affiliations

Hemorrhagic cystitis: A challenge to the urologist

R Manikandan et al. Indian J Urol. 2010 Apr.

Abstract

Severe hemorrhagic cystitis often arises from anticancer chemotherapy or radiotherapy for pelvic malignancies. Infectious etiologies are less common causes except in immunocompromised hosts. These cases can be challenging problems for the urologist and a source of substantial morbidity and sometimes mortality for the patients. A variety of modalities of treatment have been described for the management of hemorrhagic cystitis but there is none that is uniformly effective. Some progress has been made in the understanding and management of viral hemorrhagic cystitis. This article reviews the common causes of severe hemorrhagic cystitis and the currently available management options.

Keywords: Hemorrhagic cystitis; chemotherapy; immunosuppression; intravesical therapy; radiotherapy; viral cystitis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None declared

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Management algorithm for hemorrhagic cystitis
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Talar-Williams C, Hijazi YM, Walther MM, Linehan WM, Lubensky I, Kerr GS, et al. Cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis and bladder cancer in patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:477–84. - PubMed
    1. Schoenike SE, Dana WJ. Ifosfamide and mesna. Clin Pharm. 1990;9:179–91. - PubMed
    1. Ribeiro RA, Freitas HC, Campos MC, Santos CC, Figueriedo FC, Brito GA, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta mediate the production of nitric oxide involved in the pathogenesis of ifosfamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis in mice. J Urol. 2002;167:2229–34. - PubMed
    1. Kimura M, Tomita Y, Morishita H, Takahashi K. Presence of mucosal change in the urinary bladder in non hematuria patients with long-term exposure and/or accumulating high-dose cyclophosohamide. Possible significance of follow-up cystoscopy on preventing development of cyclophosphamide- induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Urol Int. 1998;61:8–11. - PubMed
    1. Krane DM, Levine LA. Hemorrhagic cystitis. AUA Update Series. 1992;XI:Lesson 31.