Comparison of lures loaded with codlemone and pear ester for capturing codling moths, Cydia pomonella, in apple and pear orchards using mating disruption

Abstract

Abstract Studies were conducted in apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen and pear, Pyrus communis L. (Rosales: Rosaceae), orchards to evaluate the attractiveness of grey halobutyl septa loaded with 1 (L2) and 10 (Mega) mg of codlemone, 8E, 10E-dodecadien-1-ol, 3 mg of pear ester, ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate (DA2313), and 3 mg of pear ester plus 3 mg of codlemone (Combo) to adult codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). All studies were conducted in orchards treated with pheromone mating disruption. All four lures were tested on diamond-shaped sticky traps placed in 60 plots of apple and 40 plots of pears in 2003/04, and in 62 plots of apples and 30 of pears in 2004–05. Combo lures attracted significantly more moths (males + females) than all the others in both years. Comparisons among flights showed significant differences mainly for flight 1 and 2, but not always for flight 3. Mega lures provided no significant improvement compared with L2 lures during both seasons regarding the total number of moths. Combo and DA2313 lures attracted fewer females than males during the whole season. For most sample dates, more virgin than mated females were attracted to Combo lures, except during the third flight, and the overall ratio was 60:40, although the difference was not statistically significant. We conclude that the Combo lures are better indicators of codling moth activity in pheromone treated orchards, regardless of pest population level, when compared with similar lures containing codlemone or pear ester alone.

Figure 1.

Mean (± SE) catches of Cydia pomonella in traps baited with L2, Mega, DA2313 and Combo lures in apple and pear orchards during 2003/04 and 2004/05. Means with the same letter for each flight are not significantly different using the Wald statistic with 5% significance level. High quality figures are available online.

Figure 2.

Mean (± SE) catches of Cydia pomonella in traps baited with DA2313 and Combo lures in apple and pear orchards during 2003/04 and 2004/05. Means with the same letter for each flight are not significantly different using the Wald statistic with 5% significance level. High quality figures are available online.

Figure 3.

Mean (± SE) catches of male and female Cydia pomonella in traps baited with DA2313 and Combo lures in apple and pear orchards during 2003/04 and 2004/05. Means with the same letter for each flight are not significantly different using the Wald statistic with 5% significance level. High quality figures are available online.

Figure 4.

Mean (± SE) catches of virgin and mated female Cydia pomonella in traps baited with DA2313 and Combo lures in apple and pear orchards during 2003/04 and 2004/05. Means with the same letter for each flight are not significantly different using the Wald statistic with 5% significance level. High quality figures are available online.