Prediction of drainage effectiveness during endoscopic stenting of malignant hilar strictures: the role of liver volume assessment

Abstract

Background: The optimal endoscopic approach to the drainage of malignant hilar strictures remains controversial, especially with regard to the extent of desirable drainage and unilateral or bilateral stenting.

Objective: To identify useful criteria for predicting successful endoscopic drainage.

Design and setting: Retrospective 2-center study in the greater Paris area in France.

Patients: A total of 107 patients who had undergone endoscopic stenting for hilar tumors Bismuth type II, III, or IV and a set of contemporaneous cross-sectional imaging data available.

Interventions: The relative volumetry of the 3 main hepatic sectors (left, right anterior, and right posterior) was assessed on CT scans. The liver volume drained was estimated and classified into 1 of 3 classes: less than 30%, 30% to 50%, and more than 50% of the total liver volume.

Main outcome measurements: The primary outcome was effective drainage, defined as a decrease in the bilirubin level of more than 50% at 30 days after drainage. Secondary outcomes were early cholangitis rate and survival.

Results: The main factor associated with drainage effectiveness was a liver volume drained of more than 50% (odds ratio 4.5, P = .001), especially in Bismuth III strictures. Intubating an atrophic sector (<30%) was useless and increased the risk of cholangitis (odds ratio 3.04, P = .01). A drainage > 50% was associated with a longer median survival (119 vs 59 days, P = .005).

Limitations: Heterogeneous population and volume assessment methodology to improve in further prospective studies.

Conclusion: Draining more than 50% of the liver volume, which frequently requires bilateral stent placement, seems to be an important predictor of drainage effectiveness in malignant, especially Bismuth III, hilar strictures. A pre-ERCP assessment of hepatic volume distribution on cross-sectional imaging may optimize endoscopic procedures.