Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2010 Sep 30:341:c2501.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.c2501.

The effect of a multifaceted empowerment strategy on decision making about the number of embryos transferred in in vitro fertilisation: randomised controlled trial

Arno van Peperstraten  1 , Willianne Nelen, Richard Grol, Gerhard Zielhuis, Eddy Adang, Peep Stalmeier, Rosella Hermens, Jan Kremer
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

The effect of a multifaceted empowerment strategy on decision making about the number of embryos transferred in in vitro fertilisation: randomised controlled trial

Arno van Peperstraten et al. BMJ. .

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a multifaceted empowerment strategy on the actual use of single embryo transfer after in vitro fertilisation.

Design: Randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Five in vitro fertilisation clinics in the Netherlands.

Participants: 308 couples (women aged <40) on the waiting list for a first in vitro fertilisation cycle.

Interventions: The multifaceted strategy aimed to empower couples in deciding how many embryos should be transferred. The strategy consisted of a decision aid, support of a nurse specialising in in vitro fertilisation, and the offer of reimbursement by way of an extra treatment cycle. The control group received standard care for in vitro fertilisation.

Main outcome measures: Use of single embryo transfer in the first and second treatment cycles as well as decision making variables and costs of the empowerment strategy.

Results: After the first treatment cycle, single embryo transfer was used by 43% (65/152) of couples in the intervention group and 32% (50/156) in the control group (difference 11%, 95% confidence interval 0% to 22%; P=0.05). After the second treatment cycle, single embryo transfer was used by 26% (14/154) of couples in the intervention group compared with 16% (8/51) in the control group (difference 10%, -6% to 26%; P=0.20). Compared with couples receiving standard care, those receiving the empowerment strategy had significantly higher empowerment and knowledge levels but no differences in anxiety levels. Mean total savings per couple in the intervention group were calculated to be €169.75 (£146.77; $219.12).

Conclusions: A multifaceted empowerment strategy encouraged use of single embryo transfer, increased patients' knowledge, reduced costs, and had no effect on levels of anxiety or depression. This strategy could therefore be an important tool to reduce the twin pregnancy rate after in vitro fertilisation. This trial did not, however, demonstrate the anticipated 25% difference in use of single embryo transfer of the power calculation.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00315029.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: All authors have completed the unified competing interest form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf (available on request from the corresponding author) and declare (1) no financial support for the submitted work from anyone other than their employer; (2) no financial relationships with commercial entities that might have an interest in the submitted work; (3) no spouses, partners, or children with relationships with commercial entities that might have an interest in the submitted work; and (4) no non-financial interests that may be relevant to the submitted work.

Figures

None
Trial profile
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

References

    1. Committee on Quality of Health Care in America and Institute of Medicine. Crossing the quality chasm: a new health system for the 21st century. National Academies Press, 2001. - PubMed
    1. Forlani G, Zannoni C, Tarrini G, Melchionda N, Marchesini G. An empowerment-based educational program improves psychological well-being and health-related quality of life in type 1 diabetes. J Endocrinol Invest 2006;29:405-12. - PubMed
    1. Maly RC, Stein JA, Umezawa Y, Leake B, Anglin MD. Racial/ethnic differences in breast cancer outcomes among older patients: effects of physician communication and patient empowerment. Health Psychol 2008;27:728-36. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ayme S, Kole A, Groft S. Empowerment of patients: lessons from the rare diseases community. Lancet 2008;371:2048-51. - PubMed
    1. Taylor I. Some patients are happy for doctors to make decisions. BMJ 2000;320:58. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Associated data