Internal pudendal artery stenoses and erectile dysfunction: correlation with angiographic coronary artery disease

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the angiographic characteristics of pelvic arterial disease in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) nonresponsive to phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) and suspected coronary artery disease (CAD).

Background: ED and CAD share common risk factors which can result in endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and flow-limiting stenoses in the coronary and internal pudendal arteries.

Methods: Ten patients undergoing cardiac catheterization with ED and a history of unsatisfactory response to a PDE5i were studied. ED severity was quantified using the International Index of ED scoring system. We performed angiography and quantitative vessel analysis of the coronary arteries, bilateral common and internal iliac arteries, and internal pudendal arteries (IPAs).

Results: In this pilot observational study, we found a high correlation between the presence of angiographic CAD and IPA disease. The reference IPA diameters at the point of maximal stenosis were 2.7 ± 0.4 mm (right IPA) and 2.7 ± 0.5 mm (left IPA). In the nine patients with IPA disease, the average stenosis severity was 55 ± 31% (right) and 66% ± 25% (left), and average lesion length was 12.4 ± 5.2 mm (right) and 10.0 ± 3.5 mm (left). Four patients had unilateral IPA total occlusions, three of whom had moderate contralateral disease. The majority of IPA stenoses occurred in the mid to distal IPA and appears amenable to percutaneous revascularization.

Conclusions: This represents the first angiographic report of CAD correlated with IPA disease in patients with ED. Further investigation is required to determine whether the development of macrovascular disease in the IPA causes ED and whether endovascular treatment is safe and effective in this population.