Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with the Mediterranean diet: results of the PREDIMED-Reus nutrition intervention randomized trial
- PMID: 20929998
- PMCID: PMC3005482
- DOI: 10.2337/dc10-1288
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with the Mediterranean diet: results of the PREDIMED-Reus nutrition intervention randomized trial
Erratum in
-
Erratum. Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes With the Mediterranean Diet: Results of the PREDIMED-Reus nutrition intervention randomized trial. Diabetes Care 2011;34:14-19.Diabetes Care. 2018 Oct;41(10):2259-2260. doi: 10.2337/dc18-er10. Epub 2018 Aug 13. Diabetes Care. 2018. PMID: 30104300 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
Abstract
Objective: To test the effects of two Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) interventions versus a low-fat diet on incidence of diabetes.
Research design and methods: This was a three-arm randomized trial in 418 nondiabetic subjects aged 55-80 years recruited in one center (PREDIMED-Reus, northeastern Spain) of the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea [PREDIMED] study, a large nutrition intervention trial for primary cardiovascular prevention in individuals at high cardiovascular risk. Participants were randomly assigned to education on a low-fat diet (control group) or to one of two MedDiets, supplemented with either free virgin olive oil (1 liter/week) or nuts (30 g/day). Diets were ad libitum, and no advice on physical activity was given. The main outcome was diabetes incidence diagnosed by the 2009 American Diabetes Association criteria.
Results: After a median follow-up of 4.0 years, diabetes incidence was 10.1% (95% CI 5.1-15.1), 11.0% (5.9-16.1), and 17.9% (11.4-24.4) in the MedDiet with olive oil group, the MedDiet with nuts group, and the control group, respectively. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios of diabetes were 0.49 (0.25-0.97) and 0.48 (0.24-0.96) in the MedDiet supplemented with olive oil and nuts groups, respectively, compared with the control group. When the two MedDiet groups were pooled and compared with the control group, diabetes incidence was reduced by 52% (27-86). In all study arms, increased adherence to the MedDiet was inversely associated with diabetes incidence. Diabetes risk reduction occurred in the absence of significant changes in body weight or physical activity.
Conclusions: MedDiets without calorie restriction seem to be effective in the prevention of diabetes in subjects at high cardiovascular risk.
Figures

Comment in
-
PREDIMED trial: Mediterranean diet may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.Evid Based Med. 2011 Oct;16(5):152-3. doi: 10.1136/ebm1400. Epub 2011 May 8. Evid Based Med. 2011. PMID: 21555319 No abstract available.
Similar articles
-
A Mediterranean Diet Rich in Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Is Associated with a Reduced Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Older Individuals at High Cardiovascular Risk.J Nutr. 2019 Nov 1;149(11):1920-1929. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz147. J Nutr. 2019. PMID: 31334554 Clinical Trial.
-
Mediterranean diet and risk of heart failure: results from the PREDIMED randomized controlled trial.Eur J Heart Fail. 2017 Sep;19(9):1179-1185. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.750. Epub 2017 Jan 30. Eur J Heart Fail. 2017. PMID: 28133855 Clinical Trial.
-
Prevention of diabetes with Mediterranean diets: a subgroup analysis of a randomized trial.Ann Intern Med. 2014 Jan 7;160(1):1-10. doi: 10.7326/M13-1725. Ann Intern Med. 2014. PMID: 24573661 Clinical Trial.
-
Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular health: Teachings of the PREDIMED study.Adv Nutr. 2014 May 14;5(3):330S-6S. doi: 10.3945/an.113.005389. Print 2014 May. Adv Nutr. 2014. PMID: 24829485 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Experimental Outcomes of the Mediterranean Diet: Lessons Learned from the Predimed Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients. 2019 Dec 6;11(12):2991. doi: 10.3390/nu11122991. Nutrients. 2019. PMID: 31817731 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by
-
High-normal blood pressure and long-term risk of type 2 diabetes: 35-year prospective population based cohort study of men.BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2012 Oct 15;12:89. doi: 10.1186/1471-2261-12-89. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2012. PMID: 23067205 Free PMC article.
-
Association of Mediterranean diet and cardiorespiratory fitness with the development of pre-diabetes and diabetes: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2016 Aug 31;4(1):e000229. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000229. eCollection 2016. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2016. PMID: 27648287 Free PMC article.
-
Validating prediction scales of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Spain: the SPREDIA-2 population-based prospective cohort study protocol.BMJ Open. 2015 Jul 28;5(7):e007195. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007195. BMJ Open. 2015. PMID: 26220868 Free PMC article.
-
Fat, Sugar or Gut Microbiota in Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk: Does Diet Type Really Matter?Nutrients. 2021 Feb 16;13(2):639. doi: 10.3390/nu13020639. Nutrients. 2021. PMID: 33669342 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Realistic changes in monounsaturated fatty acids and soluble fibers are able to improve glucose metabolism.Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2014 Dec 7;6:136. doi: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-136. eCollection 2014. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2014. PMID: 25960776 Free PMC article.
References
-
- American Diabetes Association, Bantle JP, Wylie-Rosett J, Albright AL, Apovian CM, Clark NG, Franz MJ, Hoogwerf BJ, Lichtenstein AH, Mayer-Davis E, Mooradian AD, Wheeler ML: Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2008;31:S61–S78 - PubMed
-
- Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YH, Wang JX, Yang WY, An ZX, Hu ZX, Lin J, Xiao JZ, Cao HB, Liu PA, Jiang XG, Jiang YY, Wang JP, Zheng H, Zhang H, Bennett PH, Howard BV: Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance. The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care 1997;20:537–544 - PubMed
-
- Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hämäläinen H, Ilanne-Parikka P, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Laakso M, Louheranta A, Rastas M, Salminen V, Uusitupa MFinnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1343–1350 - PubMed
-
- Kosaka K, Noda M, Kuzuya T: Prevention of type 2 diabetes by lifestyle intervention: a Japanese trial in IGT males. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2005;67:152–162 - PubMed