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. 2011 Mar 1;95(3):857-66.
doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.09.006. Epub 2010 Oct 14.

Pregnancy of unknown location: a consensus statement of nomenclature, definitions, and outcome

Kurt Barnhart  1 , Norah M van Mello, Tom Bourne, Emma Kirk, Ben Van Calster, Cecilia Bottomley, Karine Chung, George Condous, Steven Goldstein, Petra J Hajenius, Ben Willem Mol, Thomas Molinaro, Katherine L O'Flynn O'Brien, Richard Husicka, Mary Sammel, Dirk Timmerman
Affiliations

Pregnancy of unknown location: a consensus statement of nomenclature, definitions, and outcome

Kurt Barnhart et al. Fertil Steril. .

Abstract

Objective: To improve the interpretation of future studies in women who are initially diagnosed with a pregnancy of unknown location (PUL), we propose a consensus statement with definitions of population, target disease, and final outcome.

Design: A review of literature and a series of collaborative international meetings were used to develop a consensus for definitions and final outcomes of women initially diagnosed with a PUL.

Result(s): Global differences were noted in populations studied and in the definitions of outcomes. We propose to define initial ultrasound classification of findings into five categories: definite ectopic pregnancy (EP), probable EP, PUL, probable intrauterine pregnancy (IUP), and definite IUP. Patients with a PUL should be followed and final outcomes should be categorized as visualized EP, visualized IUP, spontaneously resolved PUL, and persisting PUL. Those with the transient condition of a persisting PUL should ultimately be classified as nonvisualized EP, treated persistent PUL, resolved persistent PUL, or histologic IUP. These specific categories can be used to characterize the natural history or location (intrauterine vs. extrauterine) of any early gestation where the initial location is unknown.

Conclusion(s): Careful definition of populations and classification of outcomes should optimize objective interpretation of research, allow objective assessment of future reproductive prognosis, and hopefully lead to improved clinical care of women initially identified to have a PUL.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Classification of ultrasound findings for a woman with a positive pregnancy test
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Classification of final outcomes for women with an initial ultrasound classification of pregnancy of unknown location based on clinical management
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Classification of final outcomes for women with an initial ultrasound classification of pregnancy of unknown location based on location
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    1. Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine Medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril. 2006;86(5 Supp 1):S96–102. - PubMed
    1. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 94: Medical management of ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;111:1476–84. - PubMed

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